Compost

*We started composting ever since I could remember which would be 13 years ago.

* Composting  may be a beneficial practice than you can commence. Composting is a substitute for "throwing away" your food.Food that is thrown away is  incinerated or wind up in a giant landfill. It also shows respect environmentally. Some argue of the difference between your food scraps in a landfill vs a bin in your backyard. Here is a list of bullets to invalidate this position.

* Food waste in landfills create more methane emissions than in your compost bin. This food winds up getting buried in a landfill and it cannot under go aerobic degradation due to the lack of oxygen. Thus, it turns into methane, (CH4), [ a lot worse than co2 ] notice that there is no oxygen molecule in this structure. If your landfill has a methane capture system, you still should compost though, and these systems are not 100% efficient.

*Food waste in Compost Bins will biodegrade with the assistance of oxygen and release small traces of co2. Even Though it may be crammed shut and have mounds of food on top, worms and critters eat it and expose it to oxygen. Some bins rotate on a spindle which can help, "aerate it", but i find it unnecessary for the additional cost.

*It may provide a home to snakes and other creatures. We had a snake in our compost bin, but we rarely saw it. Snakes are important because they keep the rat population and thus the tick population and thus lyme disease down.

* It will provide rich soil and can be used as a highly beneficial nutrient for your garden or plants.

RULES:

It is generally suggested to only put in vegetables, fruits, tea bags, bones, shells, paper, pasta, rice, egg shells, tea bags, yard debris etc. It is not recommended to put in meat because it may attract rodents. If you have a snake it may remedy this problem.

*Put in 10-20 gallons of yard debris (especially leaves) at the end of each season to increase Carbon quantities. Paper also helps.

Setup:

Purchase a bin or make one out of 30-50 gallon rubber containers. You can examine youtube videos if you want. Putt in a few bundles of leaves and yard trimmings and your bin is ready for use.

Funny Cartoons

10,000 Page Views Every 10,000 Views I do a Special Post.

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Per 10,000Views Post includes 5 quotes by Hungry Turtle (c)2015 by Nicholas G

Life is like a desert. It includes deadly snakes. Exploring Tortoises. Spiky but yet flowering Cacti. And the Occasional rare Plant which survives in the harshest areas. 

The Ocean can teach us many things. It teaches us that it has Amazing Power to sweep out vast areas through Tsunamis. It also provides a home to most of the creatures on the planet. It can be explored and is a vast unknown frontier. We hope that we can learn from it because it is like Technology.

The Pink Sunrise, The Bird in the Beach Tree, or the croak of the Spring Peeper. Laughter is Everywhere. 

Earth is very Special. There is no other place in the Multi-Universe that is as special as it is. Thus, we must treat it with our Utmost Respect. 


Being Concerned it a good thing. It shows Passion, Care, and respect for something that is possibly even more valuable than yourself. 

Security

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* This blog is secure and this post has been written for  your benefit.

NOTE: HTTPS SECURITY IS GIVEN ONLY IF YOU TYPE HTTPS. If you don't,your page will not be https secured.

Cool Facts

* The Alcohol Prohibition was another example of Corporations influence over gov't. For instance, there were Cars that ran on Biofuels, they were cleaner, cost effective, and made Oil Sales Crash. These cars happened to be marketed by Henry Ford along with the concept of Biofuels powering cars. So Congress and Big Corporations passed the alcohol Prohibition act to protect Standard Oil. Since Biofuels are Ethanol Alcohol, they were banned, and the Dirty Oil Companies maintained Business. Darn, we were so close to having biofuels.

* It used to be proposed that we would run our transportation industry heavily on street cars instead of Fossil Cars. These Street Cars ran on electricity and even though it may have been generated by burning coal, it was a small step closer to a cleaner transportation infrastructure. Big Oil realized that this would be a huge threat so they bought up all the companies via the stock market and burned the wooden cars in huge stacks. They replaced them with dirty buses (not biofuel buses).

Many Critics Claim that Nuclear is very unsafe, especially with events such as Fukushima or Chernobyl. However, this  is exactly what the fossil fuel industry wants you to believe, because they exist due to the false information spread by multi national fossil fuel corp. The old light water reactors were unsafe, however, at the time there was also something called the Breeder Reactor which was not commercialized first and very safe. When it’s technology became available it was not used and the lightwater assumed dominance, which had safety systems built not as a precaution but as a anticipation of Failure due to the fact that safety systems were built after the design instead of being incorporated into it. However, the Breeder Reactor has many beneficial features. It is a lot more fuel efficient than the light waters and it can even generate more fissile material than it consumes. For instance, you can receive more reactor fuel as byproduct than you put in which can be recycled back into the reactor. Lastly, in a population of 50 billion, 100, 200, 300 ,400 billion in the future, our energy consumption will be immense. We cannot rely only Renewables to power civilization but also have to rely on Nuclear. We just cannot build 10 million wind turbines to suit our demands. It is more effective to build 1000 Nuclear Reactors instead. Renewables are perfect for more specialized applications such as transportation where biofuels can be collected from sewage treatment plants to generate electricity or Fuel Cells to make clean drinking water.

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• RAW POWER: Nuclear Reactors generate huge amounts of Power and consume little few. For every 2.2 Pounds of Uranium, you can get 24 million kwh of electricity compared to 8 thousand kwh from coal. The difference is that these reactors exploit E=MC2which gives the Maximum Amount of possible energy generated from anything. U-235 contains 2 to 3 million times the amount of energy from coal

• LITTLE FUEL: A 500 MW Coal Plant has a colossal appetite of a little over 1,400,000 tons of coal per year. Compared to a 1000 MW Light Water Reactor, it would require 200 tons of uranium which could be recycled and used many times.

• NEW SAFETY  TECH: Due to Advances in Nuclear Plants, there has been New Technology that can make Meltdowns, “a thing of the past.” For instance, take the Westinghouse Model Ap 1000 reactor, It has a 300,000 gallon water tank placed above the 250% thicker reinforced concrete containment shell. In a meltdown, the 300,000 gallon water tank opens, and water is released from a few hundred feet high by gravity, flooding the entire structure, preventing any meltdown. In addition, the Integral Fast reactor can simply and safely shut itself down even with the emergency cooling system turned off and the normal shutdown devices disabled, preventing a Nuclear Meltdown.

• GREENHOUSE GAS FREE: Nuclear Reactors emit no co2 or any other Greenhouse gas. Most people mistake the white mist floating above the reactor as pollution, however it is just plain old water. Reactors use Uranium to boil water into extremely high pressurized steam to power turbines, as the steam blast through the turbine, it goes to a cooling tower to be recycled back into water to be reused. The White mist from the Cooling tower is just steam from the cooling tower.

Types of Power Stations:

Photovoltaic, Concentrated Light-Thermal Power Station, Biomass Plant, Bio Fuel Plant, Wind Power Station, Hydroelectric Station, Fuel Cell Power Station.

• Solar Energy Section

Photo Voltaic: The future of photovoltaic is interesting and it’s most efficient uses have not been exploited. Photovoltaic is a way of generating electrons by using a semiconductor such as  silicon and exploits a principle known as the PN junction. The PN junction occurs when the light comes into contact with  electrons on P and N type silicon which are in different layers in a solar panel. Basically the electrons are in different layers and light breaks them free where they come into contact with the wires embedded in the cell. With current Photovoltaic technology these devices are only 20% efficient and are extremely dependent on sun exposure which makes them uneconomical in certain scenarios. However, regions such as the desert, tropics, or in space, these cells generate very high amounts of electricity.

A Concentrated Light-Thermal Power Station is a plant that has a series of mirrors to reflect light onto a fluid. The fluid reaches extremely high temperatures and powers steam turbines. The main environmental concern is the incineration of wildlife that happens to pass through these regions because they are targeted by high energy light beams. However, these plant generate hundreds of Megawatts and are much more environmentally friendly than other alternatives. In addition, there is technology that lures these birds away.


NOTE: THERE WILL BE LITTLE RENEWABLE ENERGY POSTS IN THIS GLOBAL WARMING SERIES BECAUSE THEY WERE DISCUSSED EARLIER IN THE BLOG. TO LOOK FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY TOPICS USE SEARCH BAR AND TYPE IN, (BIOFUEL, WIND, etc).

Global Warming Series post.

Global Warming’s effect on Biodiversity and Wildlife will be Prodigious.

• The Coral Reefs will be threatened due to Acidification. The ocean in its natural state has dissolved carbon, mainly bicarbonate, a small amount of carbonate and a extremely small amount of co2. However, with increased Co2 emissions, the proportion of co2 is growing and reaching levels as high as 520 parts per million making  the water to be more acidic. This reduces Carbonate ions in surface Ocean water. Since Shelled Marine Organisms and Coral Reefs need Carbonate Ions for lime and calcium, they will become endangered. Coral Reefs which provide Cancer Cures due to the biodiverse aquatic life will be affected.

• Wetland Habitats which Provide homes to rare Bird and Animal Species will be underwater due to Sea Level Rise. These include Sand Dunes, Marshes, and Mangrove stands will be drowned.

• As Temperatures Rise, Cold Water Species will die off due to the increase in Water Temperature in particularly lakes, rivers, and streams. Species such as Salmon will be threatened.

• Massive Fish Kills and Algae Blooms from the decrease in air exchange due to Climate Change.

• Wildlife that cannot adapt to the changing climate will become extinct.

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Opening to GLobal Warming series. Scroll down to read it all.

On the Media, there is such a diverse population of opinions upon Global Warming. You may have heard that we may be in a “period of global cooling” or “that there is no scientific evidence that supports global warming” stated by fallacious “experts”. However, Global Warming is incontrovertible, hard evidence and independent scientists  have been proving its existence since the late 1800s.  It’s serious implications are affecting us, currently and presently. Coal, Oil, Gas, Drilling, Burning, Extracting, Processing are emitting trillions of pounds of emissions into the atmosphere. Who’s to Blame? The Cupidity of Multinational Corporations and the lack of awareness in combination with possibly, yourself are forming a deleterious brew. It’s existence is preventing this planet from transforming into a colossal ice sphere and its rapid growth can create ruin.

For example, it’s implication are not only limited to Sea Level Rise, Ocean Current Change, Loss of Biodiversity, and Climate alterations but include a vast collection of effects that have not been found. It is as if we were the titanic but given an opportunity to abruptly stop before we hit the iceberg. Civilization’s Plethora of inventors, scientists, advocates along with a vast stockpile of technology can save us immediately, however we have chose a different road. It is up to you and society, not the political leaders, to take the first step, the first turn to change our path from the one with the imminent dead end sign to another endless route. Fortunately, we have started turning around, impinging our dirty habits and transforming them. We have a Profusion of eco friendly power plants, and scientists across the globe are increasing their efficiency. We have many competent people in gov’t who have tried to make an impact. But we have a group of fossil fuel lobbyists and corruption. However, it is ultimately up to you, whether or not you will make an impact.

In Well Pads hundreds of miles into the Ocean there are colossal oil rigs. When an accident occurs, these accidents are responsible for creating biodiversity loss and destroying marine life for hundreds of miles. Most Clean up actions are very ineffective and tend to remove a small fraction of the oil. These Failures are often due to irresponsible corporate management and regulation. The extracted Raw Crude oil is shipped to a plant where it is separated in massive distillation towers. A furnace evaporates the oil and thus the oil is separated in the tower by their densities. The heavier items like unrefined asphalt base are on the bottom of the tower while gasoline vapors are at the top. The Process emits large amount of co2 and pollutes the air and water due to the escapement of toxic gases and chemicals into the atmosphere. These chemicals contaminate groundwater and local ecosystems

See Oil Refinery Post to learn how they work. Use the search bar and type in oil refinery.

Global Warming Temperature Increase

Due to Global Warming there is an expected temperature rise of 3.1 to 7.2 Degrees Fahrenheit by the End of the century. Since the 1800s there have been accurate temperature records that have predicted the Global Average Temperature. It has been found that over the last 50 years, there has been a decline in record cold temperatures while the amount of heat waves has risen. This data is accurate and studied by scientists across the globe. To ensure accuracy, they use standard equipment and techniques. They account for altitude and time along with averaging their land readings with the sea temperature. It is irrefutable and proven that our temperature is steadily rising and will range from 3.2 to 7.2 degrees depending whether we take control of our situation

Droughts:

• An increase in dry areas and droughts are practical expectations. In dry regions, evapotranspiration, a lower level of water in lakes, rivers, groundwater and soil. Since Precipitation has declined in the tropics and subtropics, regions across the globe  such as Africa and the Southwest (U.S) are getting drier. Even wet areas can experience long dry conditions.

• The amount of land experiencing drought is going to increase by the mid century. In these regions, water supply is expected to decrease by 30%. Due to the Hadley effect that is, warm tropic air rises, and loses circulation due to tropical storms and descends in the sub tropics as dry air. As these Jet Streams continue to higher latitudes, and storm patterns shift with them, semi arid and desert areas will expand.

Affects Global Warming-Temperature Rise

Temperature Rise Affects:

• In areas such as Alaska, Greenland,  the Arctic, and mountains, a large portion of subterranean land is PermaFrost. PermaFrost is a conglomeration of Soil, Rock, and Ice, has to remain at 0 degrees Celsius or lower to keep intact, making it very vulnerable slight temperature changes due to Global Warming. As it thaws, large Portions of land are broken off into the sea or melted releasing large amounts of co2 and methane trapped inside of it from decayed matter. Therefore, it can even promote Global Warming and destroy GreenLand which is in a dire state due to large amount of land it has been loosing.

• Extreme Precipitation and more severe storms are potential effects. Since the temperature is rising the air can hold higher levels of humidity. The atmospheres water holding capacity is 4% for every 1 degree fahrenheit increase in temperature. This can result in extreme  rains which can create rain storms and floods.

• Regions who rely on water from rivers may face water shortages. ⅙ of the world’s population receives their water from rivers that derive their water from glaciers. Since these glaciers will be melting, they will have a water supply peak and then run out. In addition, these regions may be at risk from flash floods due to the melting of the glaciers.

• Accelerated Global Warming due to ice melting will occur, known as the Albedo effect. Since the glaciers reflect solar radiation back into space instead of having it being absorbed, a decline in land ice will contribute to climate change.

Sea Level Rise is inevitable, in a society where we do not think of global Warming as being exigent, it is fairly likely that by 2100, New York City will be under 6 ½ feet of water. However, this does not consider the ice sheets broken off from the Arctics. For instance, the partial deflation of the Greenland ice sheet or the West Arctic Ice sheet would contribute to an additional  13 to 20 ft or more of sea level rise. The influence of Ice Sheets upon Sea Level Rise is severe, the amount of ice mass lost from Greenland, Antarctica, and Earth’s glaciers and ice caps from 2003 to 2010 constituted to 4.3 Trillion tons or enough area to cover the United States in 1.5 feet of water.

Greenland is being affected by Global Warming. Some believed that Greenland was actually growing from climate change due to the increase in snowfall, (higher moisture in air which can fall as snow). However, the evidence is clear, Greenland’s melting rate is a wash compared to the increase in snowfall. Greenland is losing 400 billion tons of ice per year and it’s ice sheets are breaking away. The combination of ice melt and rain is creating 10 to 15% surface melt. The amount of rain and melted ice sheets is causing the ice sheets to lift up and move out into the sea. In addition, this is creating a warm environment for the ice sheets, moisture in the air is allowing warm temperatures allowing melting to occur at unusually high altitudes on these ice sheets accelerating melting dramatically. A complete Melt of the Greenland ice sheet will create a 23 feet sea level rise. A complete melting of the Antarctic Ice sheet will result in a 200 feet Sea level Rise but is very unlikely and would take a few centuries.

Coal

Coal is extracted from the ground through various techniques including Mountaintop Removal which is shown in the picture on pg3. The MO process includes removing all trees from the landscape, and these are incinerated as deepholes are dug for blasting. Then these holes are filled with explosives and the mountains are blasted apart. Mountaintop Removal has an extremely negative impact on the wildlife and ecosystem. For example, in the past few decades, over 2000 miles of streams, and rivers that provide drinkwater have been destroyed.        Additionally, coal fired plants alone, emit mercury, sulfur-dioxide, nitrogen oxide, lead, cadmium, trace amounts of uranium, and arsenic into the atmosphere which ends up in the waterways, oceans, soil, and forests. This causes severe health issues such as destroying lung tissue, chronic bronchitis, asthma, cancer, heart disease, and brain damage.

Coal Combustion creates severe air pollution and emits large amounts of co2. The emissions include, Mercury, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, Particulate matter. 114 lb of lead, 440,000 pounds of Volatile Organic Compounds, 225lb of Arsenic. In addition, the health risks associated with these emissions are severe. For example, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists, 1/70 teaspoon of Mercury deposited in a 25 acre lake makes fish unsafe to eat. Nox and SO2 lead to the acidification of lakes, lung damage, respiratory diseases, and many others. Furthermore, they are a leading leader in co2 emissions which contribute to global warming.

Coal accounts for a extremely high portion of energy consumption.

Clean Coal, the energy sector's largest oxymoron is a statement made by the Coal Institute. It is claimed that it emits less chemicals such as arsenic, lead, and mercury into the atmosphere during combustion. One of their technologies called “coal washing” is when coal is crushed and mixed with water to remove the chemicals.  However, this is true because some of those chemicals are removed during the “cleaning process” are  dumped into the water supply instead of the air.

Green House Effect

 

The GreenHouse effect is actually beneficial because it prevents the earth from becoming a giant ice ball. However, human enhanced GreenHouse effects are not beneficial because it destroys the balance and there is too much Heat. The main players include CO2, CH4, N2O, and PerfluoroMethane. These players are quite important, when thermal radiation enters the planet, it gets absorbed by these greenhouse gases and then radiated back to the planet. It then get’s absorbed by the surface but also a significant amount of the energy gets reflected back into space. The Greenhouse gas absorbs it again and then re radiates it back to earth, but a portion escapes back into space. This Process is the Greenhouse effect and sustains life by increasing earth’s temperature. If we removed all the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, this process would not occur and all the energy would be reflected out back into space.

However, we are in a practice of Human Enhanced GreenHouse effect. We are emitting too much co2 into the atmosphere and thus, less and less of the radiation is escaping creating the temperature to increase too much. The main player, Carbon Dioxide, emitted from car tailpipes to millions dollar Coal Fired Power Plants is responsible. Carbon Dioxide and the other gases are special, in its pure form, it would not have an impact. However, when it is paired with oxygen it becomes a tightly bonded molecule that vibrates when radiation hits it. It then will release it and this radiation will go to another CO2 molecule and eventually get reflected back to earth or into space, it’s a 50-50 chance. Too much co2 and it acts like a thick wall surrounding the planet, and their is a higher probability that it will get reflected to earth and less into space. Too little and the probability will dictate that most of the radiation will be reflected back into space. We used to be in a perfect balance and now we are carelessly destroying it.

AI

AI is one of those debated questions that are arising due to our growth in technology. Hawking said, "It would take off on it's own and redesign itself an an ever increasing rate. Humans who are limited by slow biological evolution couldn't compete and would be superseded."

AI critters:

Drones: Robotic Flying Crafts or Drones would be a important Part of AI. Currently, Drones are not regulated, however it may be beneficial. For example, Drones can carry weapons and explosives and be used against us by Terrorists. Registration of Drones allows gov't to be more efficient in tracking down people who used the Drones as weapons.  Drones can also be used in National Security and Intelligence to learn about Terrorists or War opponents.


AI humanbots: AI human bots can be used against us if we become that advanced, the technology should be well developed about 60-130 years. They might be Used to replace human jobs to save money. In the Future, they may get so advanced and have "feelings" that they may fight against us and try to have their own society. Also, a misinterpretation of a command can lead to them proceeding in doing horrible actions.


AI War Machines: In Future Wars, AI Bots will fight each other. Human Lives will not be lost but it posses a threat if we develop this specialized technology. If the blueprints and technical "know-how" is discovered and developed than it would make it very simple for Criminals to use it against us because they would not have to design these machines from scratch but rather secretly buy them or steal them from the factories and possibly buy the parts to make them.

It is possible and likely that humans of the future will have chips in their brain and be "upgraded" via software that makes them be intelligent or know everything.  It is quite unfortunate because you it reflects their integrity. You should be Proud to be yourself and not be a machine.

Ocean Pollution, Oil spill affects

Coming soon