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How stuff works (Television)

Television converts light waves and sound waves into electrical messages. A television camera records the scene and turns it into radio waves which gets transferred to an antenna. In a television camera, the surface that picks up the picture has chemicals coated onto the surface. When light hits it, the chemicals transform. Inside the tube where this mayhem takes place, a gun shoots a beam of electric particles onto the chemically coated area. The beam gets altered and picks up the light and dark areas on the surface. Then the electron beam gets reflected back to the gun where it is converted into an electrical signal which gets converted into radio waves. Once the signal gets transformed back into beams inside devices and mechanisms inside a television set, the beam hits a screen coated with chemicals. Then, the screen lights up and you have an image on the screen.

How stuff works (Radio)

       The way a radio functions is very similar to the way a telephone functions. The microphone which records the singer/entertainer converts the sound waves into electrical waves with a microphone. The sound waves make rearrange carbon grains in the microphone altering the wave of the electrical signal when electricity moves through the carbon grains. The electrical signals go to a transmitter which sends the signal over the air when it emits a strong electrical current. The transmitter emits the signal at a constant rate. Each radio station has it's own frequency which is speed over wavelength. Since each signal from each radio station has different velocities and wavelengths, the messages transmitted over the air are assigned to different frequencies, the messages do not get mixed up and are separate. This signal which gets emitted through the air is absorbed by the antenna on the radio which gets converted into sound waves through a speaker. To control the loudness of the music, a knob alters the strength of the electrical signal through a device called a potential meter which is a resistor.

How stuff works (telephone) part 1

The RD is the disc and the metal cylinder wrapped in wire is the electromagnet

A telephone converts sound waves into electrical signals. When you talk into a telephone, the sound waves vibrate and spread out in every direction. The device turns these waves/vibrations into electrical pulses and at the other end of the phone, the device turns the electrical pulses back into sound waves. The process from which sound waves get converted into electrical waves takes place in a microphone. The microphone contains grains of carbon which electricity moves through. When you speak, the sound waves/vibrations move the grains in various patterns, altering the electrical signal which gets sent through the telephone line. At the other end of the line, an electromagnet is attached to a disc. The different electrical signals alter the strength of the electro magnet. The magnet makes the disc vibrate which move the air creating sound! Eureka!

How stuff work series Lights

The invention of the light bulb greatly impacted the way we live. It created longer work weeks, helped make the principle of fiber optics possible, and stopped fires caused y the notorious oil lamp and candle.

The interaction between a metal, tungsten and electricity help make the invention of the lightbulb possible. In the filament, which is an illuminating wire inside the bulb is made out of tungsten. The bulb's purpose is to  protect the tungsten from burning by keeping oxygen, vital for combustion out of the bulb and trap the argon from escaping. Since the argon cannot combine with tungsten to burn, the filament glows brightly when electricity is sent through the tungsten filament. The tungsten wire is very thin and it acts as a resistor because the electricity is like 20,000 gallons of water and the wire is a 1/2 inch pipe in which the water gets propelled through. Since resistance is like friction, the wire heats up and if it becomes hot enough it glows.  The term incandescence is when an objects temperature is so high that it emits light, thus the term incandescent.

Deforestation

Deforestation is the process in which land/forest is converted or altered for non-forest purposes. For example, forests being converted into cities and forests being altered into open fields for farming. Every 3 years, the size of Texas gets deforested. In about 63 years, the area of the United States will be deforested. The amazon rain forest is a notorious spot for deforestation. People destroy the forests for lumber, paper, essential oils, and urban development. In the next few centuries, it is possible for the all the forests on the earth to be destroyed if this alarming rate continues. This would increase global warming 80% and extinction dramatically and this may occur if the earth becomes overpopulated and their is a high demand for housing development and if companies keep on killing the forests for economic reasons. The population in 2050 will be 9,000,000,000 people; without birth control the forests may be destroyed just for housing development alone in a few centuries. In addition, if deforestation continues, most plant and animal bio-diversity will be extinct. The rain forest has millions of species of plants and animals and it would be a shame if that got taken away.

Prevention/solutions:
*Recycle Paper products and purchase recycled paper and/or companies with zero-deforestation policies.

*Donate to rain forest protection agencies
*Protest if you are willing to
*Inform people of the horrendous affects of deforestation
* Persuade government to help protect the rainforests
*Boycott products that cause deforestation or at least in the Amazon Rainforests where most bio-diversity exists. ie: Do not purchase palm oil,

*Right now Greenpeace is pressuring US corporation Herackles Farms to halt a project  that would bulldoze a massive plot of rainforest in Cameroon to make room for a palm oil plantation. Tell the CEO of Herackles to stop this forest destruction before it's too late.


Causes of deforestation:
*politics
*mining
*Hydro-electric power stations (When constructed they flood areas including forests)
*lumber companies
*Urban/Suburban development

Recylcing

Recycling is the process in which waste materials gets transformed into new products, lowering emissions, pollution, and saving natural resources. Products that enter recycling plants are saved from incineration plants generating tons of harmful emissions like hydrochloric acid and mercury contributing to air pollution. Landfills contribute to water and land pollution when waste ends up in lakes and waterways in addition to chemicals seeping into the ground. 

Paper: By recycling paper, you can help decrease deforestation which destroys about 60,000 square miles each year. If this rate continues for about 63 years, the amount of land deforestation would be the area of the United States. Deforestation causes extinction and loss of bio-diversity in addition to increased global warming because there are fewer amount of plants to remove it from the air.

Plastics: The combustion of plastics in waste treatment plants release Dioxins and Furans into the atmosphere. Dioxins and Furans cause a cancers and developmental issues. example
In addition, by recycling plastics, there is a decreased demand for oil drilling and refining. Oil drilling and refining have severe negative affect on the environment and human health. example

Electronics: When electronics do not get recycled and get incinerated they emit heavy metals such as lead,mercury, and cadmium into the atmosphere. These chemicals/elements cause severe neurological disorders, birth defects, cancer, kidney and respiratory damage. Therefore, you should feel guilty if you do not recycle. 

Glass: Glass is not Biodegradable and the amount of time it takes for it to degrade. Thus it has not been determined. 

The incineration of organic compounds which can be composted can emit hydrochoric acids under certain conditions. CyH(2z+1)Cl + (y+z/2) O2  y CO2 + z H2O + HCl

Approximated time for compounds to biodegrade in a marine environment^[5]

Product	Time to Biodegrade
Paper towel	2–4 weeks
Apple core	1–2 months
General paper	1–3 months
Cardboard box	2 months
Wax coated milk carton	3 months
Cotton cloth	5 months
Plastic coated milk carton	5 years
Plastic bags	10–20 years
Tin cans	50–100 years
Aluminium cans	150–200 years
Soft plastic (bottle)	100 years
Hard plastic (bottle cap)	400 years
Glass bottles	Undetermined

To whom it may concern

To whom it may concern,


What kind of contributions are you going to make in this world? The Earth's population will be 9 billion in 2050, 35 years from now. How are we going to get adequate fresh water supplies for industry, commercial, and residential operations without harming the environment? The inhabitants of the earth will be affected by the lack of food, water, natural resources, homes... We need to solve these issues before it's to late and chaos occurs. Wars will be fought concerning the lack of natural resources like fossil fuels and lumber. Each year, about 200,000,000 acres of forests are lost each year because of deforestation. GMO's products are currently very controversial, they are causing extinction among plants and animals. How are we going to get clean energy? Coal,Oil,Natural gas, are not clean sources of energy and each year the combustion of these substances generates about 74 trillion (43,000,000,000,000) pounds of Co2 per year. How are you going to change the world?


THIS WILL BE EXPANDED AND MORE INFORMATION WILL BE SUPPLIED EACH MONTH

TAKE THIS INTO CONSIDERATION, HOW ARE YOU GOING TO MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE.

P.S I am a 12 year old born on July 3, 2002. I plan on creating new fossil fuel alternatives to stop pollution and global warming and improve the lessen the environmental impact of renewable energies by inventing patents to solve these problems and manufacturing/selling them IN THE USA. How are you going to give back to the world?

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